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《应用与环境生物学报》[ISSN:1006-687X/CN:51-1482/Q]

卷:

25卷

期数:

2019年04期

页码:

1-5

栏目:

出版日期:

2019-08-31

文章信息/Info

Title:

CLC S147.2

作者:

窦 露1 谢英荷1; 2; 3** 李廷亮1; 2; 3 杨褔田4 李 超1 黄 涛1 柳玉凤1 纪美娟1

1山西农业大学 资源与环境学院 太谷 030801 2山西农业大学 农业资源与环境国家级实验教学示范中心 太谷 030801 3山西农业大学 山西省土壤肥料研究生教育创新中心 太谷 030801 4朔州职业技术学院 朔州 036002

Author(s):

Effects of biological fertilizer and straw charcoal on soil enzyme activity and wheat yield in wheat field*

DOU Lu1, XIE Yinghe1,2,3,**, LI Tingliang1,2,3, YANG Futian4, Li Chao 1, HUANG Tao1, LIU Yufeng1 & JI Meijuan1 1 College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 , China 2 National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801 , China 3 Shanxi Agricultural University Shanxi Provincial Soil and Fertilizer Postgraduate Education Innovation Center; Taigu 030801 , China 4 Shuozhou vocational technical college , Shuozhou, 036002, China

关键词:

冬小麦; 生物菌肥; 秸秆炭; 土壤酶; 产量

Keywords:

winter wheat;  biological bacterial fertilizer;  straw charcoal;  soil enzyme;  yield

摘要:

为明确生物菌肥、秸秆炭对我国旱地麦田土壤酶活性及小麦产量的影响。通过田间试验，研究了农户施肥（FF）、测控施肥（MF）、菌肥无机肥（MFB）、秸秆炭无机肥（MFC）4种施肥处理对旱地小麦生育期土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性及小麦产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明，旱地麦田0-20 cm土层三种酶活性随小麦生育期推进呈现不同变化趋势，脲酶活性高峰均在拔节至扬花期，过氧化氢酶活性高峰均在成熟期、碱性磷酸酶活性高峰均在返青期。在测控定量施肥基础上，菌肥无机肥较农户施肥显著提高了拔节至扬花期土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性。秸秆炭无机肥较农户施肥显著提高了拔节至扬花期碱性磷酸酶活性，提高幅度在16.1%~17.6%（P<0.05）。菌肥无机肥和秸秆炭无机肥处理的冬小麦籽粒产量较农户施肥分别提高22.4%、21.5%（P<0.05），秸秆炭无机肥处理显著提高了冬小麦千粒重。研究也表明：拔节至成熟期脲酶活性与小麦籽粒产量呈显著正相关。拔节至扬花期碱性磷酸酶与小麦千粒重呈极显著正相关。综上所述，在测控定量施肥基础上，菌肥无机肥和秸秆炭无机肥可以提高冬小麦产量与生育期酶活性，因此适宜在旱地麦田推广应用。

Abstract:

Objectives: In order to clarify the effects of biological bacterial fertilizer and straw charcoal on soil enzyme activity and wheat yield in dryland wheat field in China. Methods: Through field experiments, the effects of different fertilization treatments on soil urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase activity and wheat yield and yield components during four growth stages of dryland wheat were studied. The fertilization treatment includes farmers fertilization (FF), measurement and control fertilization. (MF), biological bacterial fertilizer+ inorganic fertilizer (MFB), and straw charcoal+ inorganic fertilizer (MFC). Results: The results showed that the three enzyme activities in the 0-20 cm soil layer of dryland wheat field showed different trends with the growth of wheat growth period . The peak of urease activity was in the period from jointing to flowering, and the peak of catalase activity was at maturity and the peak of alkaline phosphatase activity was in the greening period. On the basis of measurement and control fertilization, biological bacterial fertilizer + inorganic fertilizer significantly increased soil urease and catalase activities from jointing to flowering stage. The Straw charcoal + inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the alkaline phosphatase activity from jointing to flowering stage, which increased from 16.1% to 17.6% (P < 0.05). At the same time, biological bacterial fertilizer+ inorganic fertilizer and straw charcoal+ inorganic fertilizer treatment increased the grain yield of winter wheat compared with farmers fertilization by 22.4% and 21.5%（P < 0.05）. Straw carbon inorganic fertilizer treatment significantly increased the 1000-grain weight of winter wheat. Studies have also shown that the urease activity from jointing to maturity is significantly positively correlated with wheat grain yield. The alkaline phosphatase activity from jointing to flowering i s significantly positive ly correlat ed with 1000-grain weight in wheat.Conclusions: In summary, on the basis of measurement and control fertilization, bacterial fertilizer inorganic fertilizer and straw carbon inorganic fertilizer can improve the winter wheat yield and growth period enzyme activity, so it is suitable for popularization and application in dryland wheat field.

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更新日期/Last Update: 2019-02-01